THE REDACTED GOSPELS - IITB 06.19

 

Chapter 6. 19

The Redacted Gospels

J Jehovah SourceE Elohim SourceD Deuteronomist Source

P Priestly SourceQ Quelle SourceR Redacted Source

 

 

First Word

     As we read through the scriptures, we began to notice that many of the authors of the Book use the SAME phrases, precepts and concepts.  It is as though they all had the same source of information before them.  Scholars have put together a theory known as the Documentary Hypothesis or DH that explains the origin and composition of the Torah.

     The Torah or Pentateuch is the first five books of the Christian Bible; Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy, all believed to be the work on one author.  This is a series of documents, believed to be absolutely divinely inspired and transmitted to us with the highest possible standard of accuracy.  Scholars have put forth the theory that the Torah was not the unified work of one author, but was made up of many sources, homogenized over many centuries by many hands; compiled and joined together and edited over time by many “REDACTORS”.

     The first time I ever heard the term “REDACTED” was after a two year investigation of President Donald J. Trump to find out if he had colluded with the Russians to influence the outcome of the election results.  The report that was issued was REDACTED with some information EDITED; BLACKED OUT.  This study will look at a source called “R”; “REDACTED”.

 

REDACTED Source

     Three of the Gospels, Matthew, Mark and Luke are known as the SYNOPTIC GOSPELS because of a strong parallelism; they include many of the same stories in similar wording and similar sequence as compared to John whose wirings were very distinct from the others. 

     

Synoptic means seeing all together” or giving accounts from the same view point and perspective.  It is widely taught in both Jewish, Hebrew and Christian religious schools the theory that there were four unknown major sources of information that influenced our Bible writers.  These sources are known as the JEDP theory that was passed down through the ages and influenced the writings of the authors of the scriptures; each source with different perspectives and details.  There seems also to be a Q source just for the sayings of Jesus and an R source that REDACTS or corrects all the other sources.

 

     Of the four Gospels, Matthew was a Tax collector for Rome[1] and John was a fisherman; both were of the special inner circle of the 12 Disciples.   Luke was a medical doctor[2] and Mark was essentially a general purpose assistant to Peter, Paul and Barnabas.[3]  The first time we encounter Mark is when he is a very young follower of Jesus in the Garden.  Just before Jesus is arrested, a soldier grabs Mark by his long linen shirt and he slips out of it and RUNS OFF NAKED.[4]  We know it was Mark because no one else reports on this story except for Mark in his own Gospel.

     Another story says that Mark DESERTED Paul at some point which made for bad feelings, so Mark went with his cousin Barnabas on the missionary journeys.[5] Later on all fences are mended with Paul and Mark, then later Peter fondly refers to Mark as his own son.[6] Mark is credited with establishing a number of churches and is the second writer of the Gospels.

     It is theorized that it was MARK’S WRITINGS that influenced both Matthew and Luke’s Gospel as the Gospel of John was written totally independent of the others.  The story of Mark ends with the thought that God chooses the weak and foolish to confound the wise.   The purposes and plans of God are carried out by fallible people. He can use all of us in spite of our failures and short comings; that would be you and ME.  It’s in the Book

 

JEDP Source

Scholars have defined the “JEDP” sources as follows:

     J source: Jehovah J” consistently uses the word “Yahweh” for Jehovah God.   J” is credited as the source for the Song of Deborah, the Jewish woman warrior in the Book of Judges.   Some scholars believe the “J” source is a woman because it is more colorful, folkloric and humorous and is the best story teller than the other three.  The Hebrew Bible has no vowels, so YHWY in the English version became Yahweh when the vowels were added...  J” is also called Yahwist or Jahwist.

(“Jwas written in the 7th century BC or later.)

     E source: ElohimE” is thought to be noted for the author’s use of the word “Elohim” which is the Hebrew name for God.   El-Shaddai; God Almighty.   In Genesis the E’” contribution picks up with the narrative of Abraham.   In Judges E” picks up with a version of Deborah’s story similar to J’s version, but less colorful.  (The “E” source was written in the late 9th Century BC.)

     D source: DeuteronomistD” is believed to be written independently of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus and Numbers of the Torah; the Tetrateuch.   D” is thought to be responsible for a great deal of the book of Deuteronomy as well as shaped the historical books of Joshua, Judges, Samuel, Kings and probably Ruth.   D” explains Israel’s success for their faithfulness and obedience as well as their failures for disobedience and God’s punishment for Sin.  D” expresses concern for the Widows and fatherless; treatment for the neighbor and the poor.  Some scholars theorize that the writer was Jeremiah the prophet who lived during that time. - (“D” written in the early 7th century BC to the later 6th century BC.)

     P source: PriestlyP” overall concern seems to be for the LAW, origins of shrines and rituals and genealogies. It is deemed the independent source for most of the book of Leviticus.   

P” seems to divide history into four areas;

1)       Covenants of God at the beginning of creation and with Noah. 

2)       Covenants with Moses and Abraham, including stories about Isaac and Jacob.

3)       Covenants and the relationship of God with Israel His chosen people.

4)       The Priestly kingdom; concerns with the holiness of the people; preserving ritual purity through rules and rituals and its identity as a people of Israel stressing staying separate and avoiding interracial marriage with non-Israelites. “P” also provides the instructions for constructing the Tabernacle.  It is also known as the Holiness Code of Leviticus.  It is written to show that God remains present even when all seems lost.  (The “P” source was written around the 6th to 5th century BC.)

     Q source: Q GospelQ” is from the German word “Quelle” which means “source”; a hypothetical collection of sayings primarily by Jesus.  It propagates the TWO SOURCE HYPOTHESIS that Mark and “Q” were the two sources of material that Matthew and Luke used as they wrote independently their worldview of the Good News of the Gospel.

     The “Q” source is thought to be drawn from the ORAL traditions of the early church that were eventually written down in Koine Greek.  The sayings of Jesus were paraphrased in order to avoid misunderstandings.  Q” was devised as the most likely explanation behind the common sayings found in the synoptic Gospels Matthew, Mark and Luke. 

     The Two Source Hypothesis has retained wide support even though it has been widely challenged.  It is also called the Q document or the Q Hypothesis.  Scholars believe “Q” was written before Matthew, Mark and Luke and is a collections of sayings and quotations of Jesus.  If “Q” ever existed, it was LOST as we have no record of it.

     R source: RedactorR” seems to be an additional individual or group of individuals that redacted or EDITED, COMPLIED AND SPLICED together the four existing JEDP sources.

Here is where we are; JEDP influenced the OT; and Q the NT; and R redacted all of it.

 

The Take Away

     Conspiracy theorist have often thought that God told Adam SECRETS OF THE UNIVERSE that were passed down through his descendants.  Some see the secrets revealed in the Book as certain tribe’s excelled in different disciplines’ and special abilities.

     The Free Masons believe that Noah was the father and founder of the Masonic system of theology.  They believe that Hiram Abiff was the master architect of King Salomon’s temple and possessed secret knowledge and secret special words imparted by God to Adam and passed down to Noah and onto Hiram Abiff, who was then murdered to get this secret masonic knowledge.

     Did God pass secrets, special knowledge to Adam, down through the Godly line of Seth and on to Noah then finally to Moses? Knowledge to make instruments of music, knowledge of instruments of iron for cultivating the soil as well as instruments of war.  Knowledge of weaving, planting, farming and hunting, construction and building the Great Pyramid.  Is this secret knowledge the source that links the entire Bible together?

     If your worldview is a “Forever Trumper”, then when the PRESIDENT does something good for the nation, a cry of ‘Hallelujah’ goes up.  If your worldview is a “Never Trumper” then a cry of “Impeach Him” goes up.  Such is the worldview of the theory JEDP Bible sources; if your world view is as a “Born again Believer”, then a cry goes up “The Bible is inerrant”; praising God for His omniscience.   The Flip Side; if your worldview is as a C&E Christian; a Christmas and Easter Make Believer”, then a cry goes up “The Bible has been corrupted”.

     External sources are believed to have influenced the Gospels of the New Testament, as well as influenced the Prophets of the Old Testament.  The Book says that God does not do anything that He does not first reveal His plans to His Servants.

     The Gospel of Mark confirms that many people have written accounts about God’s chosen people and the events that have been fulfilled among them.  Mark says that after having CAREFULLY INVESTIGATED everything from the beginning, including the eyewitness reports that circulated among the early disciples, he had decided also to write a CAREFUL account so they could be CERTAIN of the TRUTH that had been taught.

     Hearing about JEDP Bible sources only underscores the fact that God has continued to reveal Himself to man from the first earth age to the last.

     “R” Redacted  GOD IS OUR REDACTOR, He has compiled and edited the scriptures through the inspiration of the Holy Spirit.  His hand is on The Books Of Life, compiling our works, redacting, editing and deleting our sins and adding His righteousness, grace and mercy.  

     The Book says ALL Scripture is inspired by God and is useful to teach us what is TRUE and to make us realize what is wrong in our lives.  It corrects us when we are wrong and teaches us to do what is right.  God has provided us down through the centuries, many WITNESSES to His unchanging inerrant plan; assuring us that the “original manuscripts” transmitted to us are without error or fault in all its teaching.

The Bible is the very breath of God

 

Redacted by the Holy Spirit



[1] Mark 2:14 – Matthew Levi tax collector

[2] Colossians 4:14 – Luke the medical doctor

[3] Acts 13:5 – Mark was in training as an assistant -- Philemon 23-24 – Mark a fellow worker

[4] Mark 14:50-52 – Mark runs away naked 

[5] Acts 15:36-39 – Teenager Mark screws up and deserts them -- Colossians 4:10 – Mark’s Cousin was Barnabas

[6] 1 Peter 5:12-13 – LATER Peter considers Mark as his SON  -- 2 Timothy 4:11-12 – Things change; Paul wants Mark to help him

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