ARK OF THE COVENANT - IITB 04.03

 

Chapter 4.3

Ark of the Covenant

The Ark of the Covenant is the most

treasured article in the nation of Israel.

It’s a sacred symbol of God’s covenant

with them.

 

 

The Original Ark

     The original Ark is in Heaven and is mentioned 33 times.  Moses was shown the Original Ark and told to pattern another one just like it.  It’s also spoken of 13 times as the Ark of the testimony and 34 times as the Ark of God and 35 times as the Ark of the Lord.[1]

 

What it looked like

     Bezalel and Oholiab constructed the Ark at Mt. Sinai assisted by other skilled Israelites according to the pattern given to Moses by God.[2]  The word for Ark is the same as “Coffin;” a mummy case. An ossuary was the depository for the deceased and constructed only large enough to hold the dried bones.   In the case of the Ark, it was the depository for the Law; the Ten Commandments.

     It looked like a box or a chest about 3 ¾ feet long and 2 ¼ feet wide and 2 ¼ feet deep and was made out of Acacia wood a strong insect resistant wood that resists rot and was overlaid inside and out with pure gold.  Acacia seyal, the Red acacia, known also as the shittah tree (the source of shittim wood), is a thorny, 20–30 foot high tree with a pale greenish or reddish bark.

     The lid was believed to be God’s Throne or “Mercy Seat” and was made of a pure slab of gold.

There was a gold molding around the top of the Ark which the mercy seat would drop down into; this prevented the mercy seat from sliding around during transportation.  At opposite ends of the gold cover were two angels of hammered gold facing each other with wings stretched upward and their heads bowed toward the mercy seat.[3]   Most artist renditions show the Ark as very ornate; while I do not see this in scripture, it’s very possible based on the number of craftsmen working on it.

 

The Gold

     The Israelites had no gold, so where did they get it?  The Egyptians gave gold to the Israelites just to get rid of them; they plundered them.  Picture a million people with a few pieces of gold in their hand.

Exodus 12:35-36 – The Egyptians gave them gold to leave

35 The Israelites did as Moses instructed and asked the Egyptians for articles of SILVER AND GOLD and for clothing.

36 The LORD had made the Egyptians favorably disposed toward the people, and they gave them what they asked for;

so they plundered the Egyptians.

NIV

Transportation

     Four gold rings were cast and attached to the four feet of the Ark with two poles placed through the rings.  Many artist depictions of the Ark show the poles or staves inserted at the top of the chest; but scripture says the rings were on the feet, not on the legs.  The Ark was made to be transported on the shoulders of the Kohathite Levites using very long poles made of Arcadia (shittim) wood that was overlaid with gold.[4] 

     There were 8600 of Kohathite Levite Priest whose only assignment was to care for the Ark;[5] they were forbidden to touch the Ark “On Pain of Death,”[6] and the long poles kept them at a distance; only the high priest touched the Ark.  When the Ark was transported, the High Priest covered it in a veil of badger’s skins and blue cloth,[7] concealed even from the priest that carried it.  It was never to touch the ground.

     The early ancient artist renditions show the long poles in the Ark bending as the Priest would carry it; as small as this thing was; it was heavy with all the Gold.  The poles were not to be removed from the Ark; they were so long that they could be seen sticking out from the Holy Place.  The length kept everyone at a safe distance from the Ark.

     I have got to say this; there are carvings in the synagogue of Capernaum showing the Ark enclosed on a Cart with wheels.  The enclosure had columns, a rounded roof and doors on the end. This rendition may be of when the Ark was being transported by the Philistines, but this was NOT the mode of transportation as specified by God.

 

The Cover – The Lid; the Top

     The cover was called in the NIV the Atonement Cover or in the KJV, called the Mercy Seat.[8]

It had on opposite ends of the gold cover, two angels of hammered gold facing each other with wings stretched upward with their heads bowed down toward the mercy seat.  Angels are ministering spirits carrying out the will of God for man.[9] 

     Cherubim Angels according to medieval theologians have four wings with two spread out and upward like a tent over the Ark and the other two wings covered its body.[10] 

     Seraphim’s have six wings in case you were wondering,[11] and some angels do not have any wings at all; nothing in scripture indicates that they even need wings.

     Once a year, the high priest would enter into the portion of the tabernacle called the Holy of Holies and sprinkle blood on the “Mercy Seat” and offer prayers to God to give mercy for the sins of the people.  It was between the wings of the angels and the mercy seat that God dwelled.

Exodus 25:17 – Make a cover for the Ark with images of Angels

17 "Make an atonement cover of pure gold--two and a half cubits long and a cubit and a half wide.  

18 And make TWO CHERUBIM OUT OF HAMMERED GOLD at the ends of the cover.

19 Make one cherub on one end and the second cherub on the other; make the cherubim of ONE piece with the cover, at the two ends.

20 The cherubim are to have their WINGS SPREAD UPWARD, overshadowing the cover with them. The cherubim are to face each other, LOOKING TOWARD THE COVER.

Inside the Ark

     The Tablets of the Testimony or Covenant were put inside the Ark;[12] the movies have exaggerated the size of the stones for these TEN COMMANDMENTS making them extremely large, needing both arms to carry them.  However, in actuality they were made of two small stone tablets that were small enough to be put into the inside pocket of a coat.

     At some point a golden jar of MANNA[13] was added to the contents of the Ark of the Covenant along with AARON’S ROD or staff that had budded.[14]  Later on at the dedication of Solomon’s Temple there is no mention of these two items.

     God also gave Moses laws which he wrote in a book, known as “The Book of the Law. Some students of the Word believed that this Book was also inside the Ark, but it was actually placed beside the Ark so that it could be seen as a constant reminder.

Deuteronomy 31:26 – Place the Book of the Law beside the Ark

26 "Take this BOOK OF THE LAW and PLACE IT BESIDE THE ARK of the covenant of the LORD your God.

There it will remain as a witness.

Aaron’s Rod

   I just felt a need to hitch hike on Aaron’s rod being in the ark because it is so fascinating.  The ark was 62.5” long so Aaron’s rod must have been about 5 feet long to fit inside the ark.  There was grumblings within the camp about NEPOTISM by Moses in selecting his brother Aaron to be the high priest.  Moses contended that it was God that had chosen Aaron; which He did.  So Moses had every tribal leader bring his staff or rod with their tribal name written on it to the “Tent of the Testimony” and that included Aaron and his rod.

     They put all the Twelve rods before the Ark of the Covenant and the next day Aaron’s rod not only had budded, but it had leaves, blossoms and almonds on it.  After that, the matter was settled and the grumbling stopped.[15]

 

Purpose of the Ark

     Function: The Ark was the symbol or sign of God’s active presence among His people; its primary function was that of a container.

     Purpose: The Ark was where God would meet with Moses to communicate His will for His people, the Israelites.[16]  Specifically; the voice of God was heard from between the angles and the mercy seat;[17] scripture bears out that God appeared there in a cloud.[18]

     The Ten Commandments were the “Testimony” or “Covenant” that God has between Himself and the nation of Israel “Written in Stone” is forever.

     The Mercy Seat cover and the Book of the Law declared the Devine holiness by which all men stand condemned or redeemed.  The law condemned; the Mercy redeemed.  WOW

     It was a weapon when they went to war, the ark was sent ahead of the army.  The reputation and power of the Ark would put fear in the enemy’s heart; however, when the Israelites trusted in the Ark instead of God, they were met with crushing defeat.

 

Leviticus 16:2 – God appeared in a cloud above the mercy seat.

2 The LORD said to Moses: "Tell your brother Aaron not to come whenever he chooses into the Most Holy Place behind the curtain in front of the atonement cover on the ark, or else he will die, because

I APPEAR IN THE CLOUD OVER THE ATONEMENT COVER. NIV

 

Ark of Mary

     The following is handed down by sacred tradition; I include it here because it became somewhat embraced beginning in the fourth century A.D. up until now.   The Roman Catholic writers saw the Blessed Virgin Mary as the “Ark of the Covenant” because she herself carried the Savior of mankind within her; she became the “Holy of Holies

     “She is the Ark in which is found the golden vessel containing the True Manna, that is, the flesh in which Divinity resides” (Homily of the Papyrus of Turin)

     I can certainly in my spirit, embrace symbolically that the Ark of wood, containing the old covenant, was only a shadow of the Ark of flesh that contained the new covenant.  I can also identify with the love and respect for Mary the mother of Jesus.  Roman Catholics believe that Mary herself was also born of a Virgin, therefore she too was sinless and a co-redeemer equal with Jesus; therein lies the problem, it’s just not found in the Book.

 

The Covenant

     The Ten Commandments were symbolic of God’s Covenant with His people. Moses would spell out in detail in the Torah, the Book of the Law, how they would be Blessed if they kept His covenant, he also spelled out in detail what would happen if they didn’t; the Curses.

     Covenant Blessings: You will be blessed in the city and in the country, blessed coming in and going out, enemies defeated, bunch of children, livestock, crops, bread, barns full, and everything you set your hand to would be blessed.[19]

     Covenant Curses:  You will be cursed in the city and in the country, cursed coming in and going out, no food, no children, confusion and destruction on everything you do, disease, fever, inflammation, boils, scorching heat, no rain, drought, blight, dust, defeat in war and more.[20]  

     The nation of Israel was not just an ordinary nation.  They were chosen by God to be a special, set apart people, therefore forgetting His covenant was not an ordinary sin, nor was the punishment.   There are seven times more curses than there are blessings.  If you read the CURSES, you would never want to forsake God’s covenant.

 

Ark was captured

     It was thought that whoever had the “God in a Box” leading their army would win the war;[21] the Philistines dispelled this notion pretty quick.[22] (I’m not being blasphemous, that’s what they thought).[23]  When the Philistines captured the Ark at Beth Shemesh, seventy men took a look inside the Ark and God killed them all.[24] Some students of the Bible say there were 70 thousand men; Seven is the symbolic number for completeness; so no matter how many men there were, they were ALL completely wiped out. 

     The city was struck with a plague of hemorrhoids.[25]  Plagues of boils, hemorrhoids, and rats followed the Ark to whatever city it was relocated to; people died left and right from the plagues.

Ark Returned

     Finally they sent the Ark back to the Israelites on a new ox cart where it stayed for twenty years at Abinadab’s house in Kiriath Jearim which was high on a hill overlooking Jerusalem.[26]  There it was guarded by a Priest.  Today in Kiriath Jearim there is a church called the “Church of the Ark” standing on the traditions site of Abinadab’s house.

     Later King David would bring the Ark to Jerusalem where it was placed in a special tent that David had prepared for it, there the Priest would sacrifice burnt offering and peace offerings to the Lord; and then at some point the Ark was moved to Solomon’s Temple into a special inner room called the “Holy of Holies.[27]  When the Babylonians sacked Jerusalem in 586 B.C., IF the Ark was present, it was either taken or burned, we just don’t know; I will present more thoughts on this later.

 

Future Return of the Ark

     There is an allusion in scripture that the Ark of the Covenant, referred to as God’s Glory and His Banner (His standard); will be returned to the Temple.  It will be returned before the invasion of Jerusalem by Russia. (Search on line; The Temple Institute for an eye opener)

Ezekiel 39:21-22 – The Ark will be displayed before the nations

21 "I WILL DISPLAY MY “GLORY” among the nations, and all the nations will see the punishment I inflict and the hand I lay upon them.

22 From that day forward the house of Israel will know that I am the LORD their God. NIV

Jeremiah 4:6 – The Ark is the standard for Israel.

6 Set up THE “STANDARD” toward Zion: retire, stay not: for I will bring evil from the north, and a great destruction. KJV

 

Interesting Stuff

     From the Apocrypha; 2nd Maccabees 2:4-10; “The Jeremiah Letter.”  Jeremiah came and found a cavern in the rock, and there he brought in the (tent) Tabernacle, and the Ark, and the Alter of Incense; and he made fast the door.  “Yea, and the place shall be unknown until God gather the people again together,[28] and mercy comes; and then shall the Lord disclose these things”.[29]  The glory of the Lord and the cloud shall appear, as they were shown before Moses and Solomon.

     The Dead Sea Scrolls are the final reference to the Ark of the Covenant and its location.  Other writing not found in the Bible suggest that Solomon, concerned about an invading army, built a replica of the Ark of the Covenant for protection and that the real Ark was sent to Ethiopia for safe keeping with his son that he fathered with the Queen of Sheba and is under guard there even today awaiting its return.[30]

     More; June 26, 2009, Abune Paulos, the patriarch of the Orthodox Church of Ethiopia attested that the Ark is being kept safe and secure in a church in Axum, Ethiopia.[31]

     The Temple Institute, according to reports that surfaced years ago, claim that they are now in possession of the Ark of the Covenant.

     In Rome they say the Ark was lost when the basilica burned.

     Here’s more; a replica was discovered in 1940 in a cave in East Africa that was made by the Lemba priest; it was carbon dated to about 1350.  Writings say the original was burned up, but the core was used in the reconstruction.

     The Apocrypha also mentions the Ark being carried away to Babylon.  This is disputed saying the real Ark was hidden.  Indiana Jones is the only one who actually knows where the Ark is.  After the Babylonian captivity, many synagogues made replicas of the Ark.  It was placed behind a curtain in the side wall of the synagogue toward Jerusalem.  Inside was a copy of the Torah and other sacred books.

1 Esdras 1:54 (Apocrypha) – Carried off to Babylon

54 Babylonians took all the holy vessels of the Lord, both great and small, and THE ARK OF GOD, and the King’s treasures and carried them away into Babylon.

 

At the Return of Christ

     When Christ returns for the millennial reign the Ark will not be present, it will not even be thought of because Christ will be on the throne in Jerusalem.  There will be no need to make a new Ark; and they won’t.

Jeremiah 3:16-18 – The Ark will no longer be remembered.

16 In those days, when your numbers have increased greatly in the land," declares the LORD, "men will no longer say,

 `THE ARK OF THE COVENANT of the LORD.'

IT WILL NEVER ENTER THEIR MINDS OR BE REMEMBERED;

IT WILL NOT BE MISSED, NOR WILL ANOTHER ONE BE MADE.

17 At that time they will call Jerusalem The Throne of the LORD, and all nations will gather in Jerusalem to honor the name of the LORD. No longer will they follow the stubbornness of their evil hearts. NIV

 

 

The Take Away

     The Ark is a copy or pattern of the Original Ark which is in heaven.  The Ark was a small chest or box about four foot long and 2 feet high and 2 feet wide.  It was overlaid with gold inside and out and was transported by the Priest using poles that were placed through the rings located on the feet of the chest.

     The top was a pure slab of Gold with the images of two angels with wings open and upward and with their heads bowed toward the mercy seat.  It was between the Angels and the mercy seat that the cloud of God would appear and meet with the Moses and Aaron with instructions for His people.  Inside the Ark was the Ten Commandments made on two tablets by Moses and written on by the finger of God.

     A golden jar of Manna was added at some point to the Ark contents along with Aaron’s rod that had budded; later on these items are not mentioned again and were considered missing.

     The Book of the Law was also present, but it was not placed inside the Ark, but on the outside as a constant visual reminder of the Law.  The covenant spelled out the Blessings and Curses for God’s people; the Israelites.  There is an allusion in scripture that the Ark will be returned to the rebuilt Temple.  There are a number of opinions on where the Ark is now.  There has been no proof presented either way of its existence or non-existence.  I believe that The Ark still exists based on Holy Scripture and the Dead Sea Scrolls.

     My BS, my Belief System embraces that when the Ark is returned, it will eventually be destroyed and will not be present at the millennial reign of Christ and they will not make a new one

 



[1] Revelation 11:19 – The real Ark is in Heaven. (33 times)Hebrews 8:5 – A copy of the real thing in Heaven -- Exodus 25:9 – Make the Ark like this pattern. -- Joshua 6:11 – Ark of the Lord (35 times).  -- 1 Samuel 3:3 – The Ark of God (34 times) -- Exodus 25:22 – The Ark of the Testimony (13 times)

[2] Exodus 37:1 – Bezalel had the Ark constructed out of Acacia / Shittim Wood -- Exodus 31:6 – Oholiab and other skilled craftsman will construct the Ark -- Exodus 25:10-11 – Here is how to make it; get some shittim wood

[3] Exodus 25:20 – Two Angels with wings spread upward and heads bowed.

[4] Exodus 25:12 – God gives instructions on how to transport the Ark --  Exodus 37:5 – The poles were used to carry the Ark -- 1 Kings 8:8 –The long poles stuck out from the Holy Place

[5] Numbers 3:27-31 The Kohathite Levite Priests are responsible for the Ark -- Exodus 25:12 – God gives instructions on how to transport the Ark

[6] 1 Chronicles 13:9-10 – Uzzah touched the Ark and was zapped and died

[7] Numbers 4:5-6 – Cover the Ark with the shielding curtain of Badger skins

[8] Exodus 40:20 – NIV The atonement cover -- Exodus 40:20 – KJV The mercy seat

[9] Hebrews 1:14 - Angels are ministering Spirits for Believers

[10] Ezekiel 1:6 - Cherubim have four wings -- Ezekiel 1:11-12 – Cherubim’s Two wings covered its body and Two reached upward

[11] Isaiah 6:1-2 – Seraphim’s have six wings

[12] Exodus 25:16 – The Ten Commandments were placed in the Ark -- 1 Kings 8:9 – Two stone tablets; the Ten Commandments were inside the Ark

[13] Exodus 16:33 – A Jar with a omer of Manna within the Ark

[14] Numbers 17:10 – Place Aaron’s rod that budded in the Ark -- Hebrews 9:4 – The Ark contained the Tablets, the Jar of Manna and Aaron’s rod

[15] Numbers 17:2-5 – Write the Tribal names on the Twelve Rods -- Numbers 17:8 – Buds, Blossoms and Almonds on Aaron’s rod -- Numbers 17:10 – Put Aaron’s rod in the Ark of the Covenant

[16] Exodus 25:22 – I will meet with you above the cover, between the two cherubim

[17] Numbers 7:89 – God voice spoke above the atonement cover between the two angels

[18] Exodus 19:9 – The Lord’s presence was in a dense cloud -- Exodus 13:21 – The Lord’s presence was in a cloud -- Exodus 33:9 – The Lord was in the pillar of cloud -- Exodus 34:5 – The Lord came down in a cloud and stood there  -- Exodus 40:34-35 – The Cloud was the glory of God

 

[19] Deuteronomy 28:1-14 – Blessed going in and coming out, in the city and in the country

[20] Deuteronomy 28:15-68 – If you do not obey; seven times the curses

[21] Joshua 6:9 – The guarded Ark went before the army into war

[22] 1 Samuel 5:11-12 – Send the cart back or we ALL will all die

[23] 1 Samuel 4:3 – Let’s get the Ark, IT will save us

[24] 1 Samuel 6:19 – Seventy looked into the Ark and died

[25] 1 Samuel 5:9 – The city was struck with hemorrhoids

 

[26] 2 Samuel 6:2-3 – The Ark was brought from the house of Abinadab on a new cart -- 1 Samuel 7:2 – The Ark stayed twenty years at Kiriath Jearim

[27] 2 Samuel 6:17 – The Ark was brought into Jerusalem into a tent -- 2 Chronicles 35:3 – The Ark was finally put in the Temple -- 1 Kings 8:6 – The Ark was placed in the Holy of Holies

[28] Isaiah 18:7 – God will bring His people back.

[29] Isaiah 18:3 – The Ensign; the Ark will be lifted up for all to see

[30] 1 Kings 10:13 – Commentaries say – The Queen of Sheba desired a son of Solomon -- Isaiah 18:3 – The Ensign; the Ark will be lifted up for all to see

[31] Isaiah 18:1 – The Ark shadowing with wings is in Ethiopia

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