LORD'S SUPPER - IITB 11.14

 

Chapter 11.14

Lord’s Supper

Observance of sacrifice or a celebration

Mystery of the FOURTH CUP

 

 

First Word

     It is thought by most Christians that the Lord’s Supper was actually intended to be the Passover Supper that was observed by all the Jews.  However, this Old Testament observance was changed to a New Testament observance.  A New Covenant for an Old Covenant.

 

The Passover

     The Israelites were slaves in Egypt, and God through Moses was about to liberate them.  The Passover was instituted on the same night, when God told the Israelites to place lambs blood on the door post of their home.  The Death Angel would then “Passover” them when he came to kill all the first born of Egypt.[1]

     Passover gets its English name from the Hebrew word “Pesach “meaning; I will pass over you.

The Lamb that was slain was symbolic of Christ who would come and shed His blood on the door post of our heart.[2]  The Passover is a seven day celebration with the main feast on the first night commemorating the historic passing from slavery into a Nation under God.  This is the most important religious event of the year in Israel.

The Passover clearly shows how deeply rooted the Christian faith is with the people of Israel.

 

Exodus 12:3-14 – Instructions for the Passover meal

3 Tell the whole community of Israel that on the tenth day of this month each man is to take a lamb for his family, one for each household.

6 Take care of them until the fourteenth day of the month… the people of the community of Israel must slaughter them at twilight.

7 Then they are to take some of the blood and put it on the sides and tops of the doorframes of the houses where they eat the lambs.

11 This is how you are to eat it: with your CLOAK tucked into your BELT, your SANDALS on your feet and your STAFF in your hand.

Eat it in haste; it is the LORD's Passover.

12 "On that same night I will pass through Egypt and strike down every firstborn--both men and animals--and I will bring judgment on all the gods of Egypt. I am the LORD.

13 THE BLOOD WILL BE A SIGN FOR YOU ON THE HOUSES WHERE YOU ARE; AND WHEN I SEE THE BLOOD, I WILL PASS OVER YOU.

14 "This is a day you are to commemorate; for the generations to come you shall celebrate it as a festival to the LORD--a lasting ordinance.

NIV

Feast of the Unleavened Bread

     At this same time, God also instituted the “Feast of Unleavened Bread”.[3]  For seven days they were to eat unleavened bread.   Leaven was a symbol of evil and false doctrine and it was to be put out of their houses during these seven days.[4] 

     The unleavened bread also symbolizes the haste that the Israelites had when leaving Egypt as there was no time to wait for the bread to rise and to pack a lunch.

 

The First Preparations

     On the first day of the “Feast of Unleavened Bread”, the disciples went to Jesus and asked where He would like to eat the “Passover Supper”.  Jesus told Peter and John to go to the city and there they would find a man who would let them use his house for the Passover meal.[5]

     The preparations were on the same day on which the “Passover Lamb” had to be sacrificed.  For foreigners and others that were considered ceremonially unclean, the lamb must be sacrificed at the temple.

     The lamb would be killed between 3 and 6 pm; the exact time of the day when Jesus, the Lamb of God would have been killed.  Later it would be roasted (not boiled) and eaten while sitting around a table with the family; in this case His family was His Disciples.[6]

     Livestock pens would be found for the selling of sheep, goats and cattle… Booths selling clay dishes, vegetables, wine, oil and salt… Ovens setup for roasting meat… Money changers for exchanging foreign coins.

 

The Food

*      Water:  A dish of salt water for washing the hands represented the tears of the slaves.

*      Red Wine:  As the feast progressed, their cup would be refilled four times with RED wine representing the blood.

*      The Lamb: A one year old male lamb without blemish, roasted and not boiled was to be eaten without breaking a bone in his body.  It was called the “Paschal Lamb” and was eaten with the bitter herbs.  Jesus was the Lamb of God; not a bone in Jesus’ body was broken.

*      Bitter herbs salad consisted of bitter lettuce, chicory or endive; Today, Jews use grated horseradish or onion, parsley and watercress.  It was symbolic of how the Egyptians embittered their live during captivity.

*      Haroset sauce or fruit pulp was grated apples, chopped nuts, sugar, cinnamon and sweet red wine mashed together into a texture resembling mortar, making a thick dip.  It represents the mortar of Pharaoh’s building projects.

*      Unleavened bread; Wrapped in a napkin, there were three wafers of bread such as Matzos; which had a texture like a cracker.  Represented their quick flight out of bondage.

*      Other dishes; a hardboiled egg and sweet vegetables also for dipping.

 

The Lord’s Supper - A sacrifice of praise and thanksgiving.

     In an upper room, Jesus prepared both Himself and His disciples for His death.  The term “The Lord’s Supper[7] is actually used only once in the Bible, along with “The Lords Table[8] and “The Communion”. [9] It gets its name from Paul who referred to it as “The Supper of the Lord”.

     The Greek word “Eucharist[10] (Pronounced; Yoo-Kuh-Rist) was used in conjunction with Holy Communion of the bread and wine and means “gratitude” or the “giving of thanks”. 

     It’s also known as the “Seder meal”; Seder in Hebrew means “Service.  The Greek word “Koinonia” is translated; Fellowship, Communion or Sharing.[11]

     The celebration is twofold:

1) The Jews rejoicing that God delivered them from their enemies and their future as Gods children;

2) The celebration of Jesus delivering them from their sins and the expectancy of His return.

     The host would recline back on cushions recalling the ancient mode of eating.  The wine would be mixed with one part water and three parts wine and then a blessing was pronounced over the day and the FIRST CUP of “red” wine; next a ritual washing of hands, cups, pitchers and kettles would take place symbolizing the distinction between the Jews and the Gentiles.  This was followed by “bitter herbs” dipped into “harosethfruit sauce and then eaten. 

     When the main meal was brought in and placed on a “Seder Plate”, the youngest boy would ask FOUR QUESTIONS to the Host about the feast and the host would give the explanations.

a)     Why is the night of Passover different from other nights of the year?

b)     Why do we eat unleavened bread and bitter herbs?

c)     Why do we dip the vegetables?

d)     Why does the host chair have cushions?

     After that they sang the first half of a song (Great Hallel) drank a SECOND CUP of wine; followed by “Blessing God” for bringing forth the bread; then they broke the bread and gave it to the guest and the main meal began; the Lamb would be eaten last. 

     After the meal, another prayer was said over a THIRD CUP of wine; this time a prayer of thanksgiving for the meal.  Then they sang the second half of the song (Great Hallel); and a FORTH CUP of wine celebrating God’s Kingdom.

 

The MANY are bound together as ONE when sharing the cup and the bread.[12]

 

The Meal

     Jesus blessed the bread and broke it and gave it to His disciples and told them to eat this bread as a symbol of His body which would be broken for them.  To do this in remembrance of Him.  (His body was broken, but not His bones)  The bread was also a symbol of “affliction” which the Jews of old ate as they were set free in haste from Egypt.  In the wilderness the Israelites bodies were nourished physically with Heavenly food.  Now through the body of Christ, our bodies are nourished spiritually with that same food.[13]

     Then He took the cup of wine and “gave thanks(Eucharist)[14] to God for it.  He then gave it to the disciples and told them to “drink ye ALL of it”; this symbolized His blood that would be shed to take away their sins.  NOTE:  The translation should have read: “ALL of you drink of it”, not drink ALL of it.[15]

     Jesus is pointing to His impending death on the cross and His body broken and His blood shed.  The Passover rite has now been transcended, as He will become the Passover Lamb fulfilling the scriptures.  His body and blood “represents” or is “symbolic” of His death

     Now, each time we eat the bread and drink of the wine, we are remembering His death, resurrection, and the promise of His return;[16] Jesus said, “do it often.[17]

     In Matthew, we do not see a Lamb or a meat mentioned.  Perhaps this is because Jesus was the Lamb that would be sacrificed and His blood would seal the New Covenant. 

Scripture shows the Lamb symbolically as a type of Christ.[18]

     Roman Catholics believe in the doctrine of “transubstantiation” that the bread and wine actually turn into the body and blood of Jesus Christ when received.  While this teaching fosters a serious attitude toward the elements taken; it is in error, it is only figurative language.  Christ is not present in the elements, but is present at the table in the form of the Holy Spirit.  The focus is on the finished work of Jesus Christ and not the elements taken.

     The practice of the Lord’s Supper carried over “into their homes” where they broke bread and shared what they had in common with the others.[19]  After they had sung the last song, they went to the Garden of Gethsemane, where Jesus prayed in agony.

 

     SIDE BAR: While today we observe the Lord’s Supper symbolically with only a piece of cracker and a sip of juice, the Israelites observed it as a full meal.  There was a common table with everyone bringing something. The rich brought a lot of food and pushed ahead to get their MEAL and much WINE; overlooking the poor as well as the solemn observance of the life of our Savior; they were strongly rebuked and warned of judgment.

     The meal was in two parts; the FIRST was the common meal which had serious excesses or greed, gluttony, selfishness and drunkenness followed then by the SECOND Solemn rite of the Eucharistic.

Later, Paul issued a warning to separate these two rites, to keep it Holy, and they did.

 

1 Corenthians 11:20-21 – Don’t forget why you are partaking

20 When you come together, it is not the Lord's Supper you eat,

21 for as you eat, each of you goes ahead without waiting for anybody else. One remains hungry, another gets drunk NIV

1 Corenthians 11:34 – If you’re hungry you should eat at home

34 If anyone is hungry, he should eat at home, so that when you meet together it may not result in judgment. NIV

 

Communion

     Communion definition:  A having in common; a partnership; to fellowship, to participate with someone; to share.  When we partake of the Lord’s Supper or Communion, we are fellowshipping with Jesus and in a sense we are sharing in things common with Him; Christ is present at the table.[20]

     As we partake of the wine and bread; God imparts nourishment to our bodies and our inner spirit man becomes strengthened…  We feed on the Lord and He said to do it often.

     It’s a mystery how the Holy Spirit imparts nourishment,[21] but we participate in the benefits of His death and resurrection; the forgiveness of sin and the assurance of His presence.  The wine is symbolic of His covenant with us through His shed blood for the forgiveness of our sins;[22] and that He makes intercession for us.

     Communion is not “the elements” of the wine and bread, but the Church communing with Christ.[23] 

It’s an event, not an object… an encounter, not a miracle of wine turning to blood.[24]

     It looks back commemorating the deliverance from Egypt as they were saved from the destroying death angel and delivered from servitude.

     It looks forward in expectancy to His return and the coming messianic kingdom of God.   His death is our means of salvation and we are therefore spared eternal death.  It is symbolic of the “eschatological banquet” yet to come in Heaven, physically with Christ.   This is an oneness with the body of Christ, which each person is a part.  It is a remembrance of the “historical” Jesus, and also a joyful proclamation of the “living presence” of the Holy Spirit who guides our every step.[25]  

Mixed emotions; Solemn but Joyful.

Nobody Is Worthy of Taking Communion

     NOTE:  Satan would have us to believe that no one is worthy of receiving the Lord’s Supper.  In a sense that is true, but the confession and repentance of our sin and a desire to fellowship with God, coupled with our acceptance of the Lord Jesus Christ as our Savior makes us worthy to participate. 

EXAMINE yourself, CONFESS your sins to God and

RECEIVE[26] the Spiritual nourishment of the Lord’s Supper.[27]

 

Examine Yourself

     It is not a small thing to partake of the “Lord’s Supper”; we are to examine ourselves for our worthiness; to confess our sins before God and ask forgiveness.  To acknowledge God for who He is and recommit our life to Him. To have a loving concern for every member of the body.  To reject willful sin and idolatry.

     We cannot drink from the cup of Christ and also be partakers of the cup of Satan.  If we partake of the Lord’s Supper in an unworthy manner, we are eating and drinking damnation to ourselves. Un-confessed sin will bring sickness into our home.[28]

     Many people now partake unworthily and their bodies are sickly and some die[29] and don’t even know why.  If we partake of this “communion” in an unworthy manner, God says we share in the guilt of the “Killing of His Son”.[30]  Good Grief

 

The Place To Get What You Need.

     Coming to the Lord’s Table should make a difference in our lives.  It’s the place to get right with God; a place to receive forgiveness; healing, fellowship, empowerment, new direction, wisdom, understanding, knowledge, peace, patience, joy, love, goodness, kindness, gentleness and faithfulness.[31]  It’s a chance to know our savior better and to learn where we are in our walk with Him.

 

Do It in Remembrance

     Jesus said to observe the Lord’s Table in remembrance of Him.[32] The Passover was both the looking back at God’s deliverance of Israel out of Egypt as well as the greatest act of Jesus in the deliverance of us out of sin and death.  This remembrance is a proclamation toward men; it is not the “absence”, but the powerful “presence” of Jesus Christ in our lives.  Remembering His death until He comes again. [33]

     Consider the words of the dying thief on the cross when he said to Jesus; “Remember me”.[34]  He was not asking Jesus to just think of him, but was asking for an act of mercy.

 

The Fourth Cup – The Mystery

     Ponder the Forth Cup Mystery: It’s a revelationIt’s a proclamationIt’s a promise.

     There were four cups of wine at the Passover meal.  Jesus did not drink the fourth cup; the Passover meal was not completed.   Jesus said He would drink it with us anew in Heaven; this is the expectation of the resumption of the “Messianic Banquet” in the kingdom of God with Christ at the head of table; where all believers will drink with Him the FOURTH CUP.[35] 

It is finished… This brings tears to my eyes.

     Jesus said that He would leave and go and prepare a place for us, and that He would come again to receive us, so that we might be in His physical presence.[36]  After Jesus returned to Heaven the disciples continued the practice of fellowship and the breaking of bread and prayer in their homes.[37] 

(Giving thanks – Eucharist)

 

Ephesians 3:14-19 - Paul’s Prayer for us in four dimensions

14 For this reason I kneel before the Father,

15 from whom his whole family in heaven and on earth derives its name.

16 I pray that out of his glorious riches He may strengthen you with power through his Spirit in your inner being,

17 so that Christ may dwell in your hearts through faith. And I pray that you, being rooted and established in love,

18 may have power, together with all the saints,

to grasp how wide and long and high and deep is the love of Christ,

19 and to know this love that surpasses knowledge-that you may be filled to the measure of all the fullness of God.

NIV

 

The Take Away

     Originally the “Lord’s Supper” was the Passover meal shared during the Feast of the Unleavened Bread.  Jesus changed this Old Covenant ordinance for a New Covenant ordinance.

     The term Communion, the Lord’s Table and the Lord’s Supper are all interchangeable.  The term Eucharist means gratitude or giving thanks.  It’s a lasting ordinance to remember Christ’s death, resurrection and His second coming.

     It’s a celebration of the deliverance from the bondage of Egypt and the celebration of deliverance from sin through Jesus Christ.  We are cautioned not to partake of it unworthily.

     Jesus Christ is present at the Lord’s Table; He is more present with the partaker during communion than any time.  The Lord’s Table is a place to come and receive what you need.  We will drink the fourth cup of wine with Jesus at the banquet in the Kingdom of God.

 

 

I include this song of the “Great Hallel”

in case you were wondering about it.

 

Psalms 113-114 - THE FIRST HALF OF THE HALLEL

Praise the LORD

Psalm 113

1 Praise, O servants of the LORD, praise the name of the LORD.

2 Let the name of the LORD be praised, both now and forevermore.

3 From the rising of the sun to the place where it sets, the name of the LORD is to be praised.

4 The LORD is exalted over all the nations, his glory above the heavens.

5 Who is like the LORD our God, the One who sits enthroned on high,

6 who stoops down to look on the heavens and the earth?

7 He raises the poor from the dust and lifts the needy from the ash heap;

8 he seats them with princes, with the princes of their people.

9 He settles the barren woman in her home as a happy mother of children.

Praise the LORD.

Psalms 114

1 When Israel came out of Egypt, the house of Jacob from a people of foreign tongue,

2 Judah became God's sanctuary, Israel his dominion.

3 The sea looked and fled, the Jordan turned back;

4 the mountains skipped like rams, the hills like lambs.

5 Why was it, O sea, that you fled, O Jordan, that you turned back,

6 you mountains, that you skipped like rams, you hills, like lambs?

7 Tremble, O earth, at the presence of the Lord, at the presence of the God of Jacob,

8 who turned the rock into a pool, the hard rock into springs of water.

NIV

 

Psalms 115-118 - THE SECOND HALF OF THE HALLEL

Psalm 115

1 Not to us, O LORD, not to us but to your name be the glory, because of your love and faithfulness.

2 Why do the nations say, "Where is their God?"

3 Our God is in heaven; he does whatever pleases him.

4 But their idols are silver and gold, made by the hands of men.

5 They have mouths, but cannot speak, eyes, but they cannot see;

6 they have ears, but cannot hear, noses, but they cannot smell;

7 they have hands, but cannot feel, feet, but they cannot walk; nor can they utter a sound with their throats.

8 Those who make them will be like them, and so will all who trust in them.

9 O house of Israel, trust in the LORD--he is their help and shield.

10 O house of Aaron, trust in the LORD--he is their help and shield.

11 You who fear him, trust in the LORD--he is their help and shield.

12 The LORD remembers us and will bless us: He will bless the house of Israel, he will bless the house of Aaron,

13 he will bless those who fear the LORD--small and great alike.

14 May the LORD make you increase, both you and your children.

15 May you be blessed by the LORD, the Maker of heaven and earth.

16 The highest heavens belong to the LORD, but the earth he has given to man.

17 It is not the dead who praise the LORD, those who go down to silence;

18 it is we who extol the LORD, both now and forevermore.

 

Praise the LORD.

Psalm 116

1 I love the LORD, for he heard my voice; he heard my cry for mercy.

2 Because he turned his ear to me, I will call on him as long as I live.

3 The cords of death entangled me, the anguish of the grave came upon me; I was overcome by trouble and sorrow.

4 Then I called on the name of the LORD: "O LORD, save me!"

5 The LORD is gracious and righteous; our God is full of compassion.

6 The LORD protects the simple hearted; when I was in great need, he saved me.

7 Be at rest once more, O my soul, for the LORD has been good to you.

8 For you, O LORD, have delivered my soul from death, my eyes from tears, my feet from stumbling,

9 that I may walk before the LORD in the land of the living.

10 I believed; therefore I said, "I am greatly afflicted."

11 And in my dismay I said, "All men are liars."

12 How can I repay the LORD for all his goodness to me?

13 I will lift up the cup of salvation and call on the name of the LORD.

14 I will fulfill my vows to the LORD in the presence of all his people.

15 Precious in the sight of the LORD is the death of his saints.

16 O LORD, truly I am your servant; I am your servant, the son of your maidservant; you have freed me from my chains.

17 I will sacrifice a thank offering to you and call on the name of the LORD.

18 I will fulfill my vows to the LORD in the presence of all his people, 19 in the courts of the house of the LORD--in your midst, O Jerusalem.

 

Praise the LORD.

Psalm 117

1 Praise the LORD, all you nations; extol him, all you peoples.

2 For great is his love toward us, and the faithfulness of the LORD endures forever.

 

Praise the LORD.

Psalm 118

1 Give thanks to the LORD, for he is good; his love endures forever.

2 Let Israel say: "His love endures forever."

3 Let the house of Aaron say: "His love endures forever."

4 Let those who fear the LORD say: "His love endures forever."

5 In my anguish I cried to the LORD, and he answered by setting me free.

6 The LORD is with me; I will not be afraid. What can man do to me?

7 The LORD is with me; he is my helper. I will look in triumph on my enemies.

8 It is better to take refuge in the LORD than to trust in man.

9 It is better to take refuge in the LORD than to trust in princes.

10 All the nations surrounded me, but in the name of the LORD I cut them off.

11 They surrounded me on every side, but in the name of the LORD I cut them off.

12 They swarmed around me like bees, but they died out as quickly as burning thorns; in the name of the LORD I cut them off.

13 I was pushed back and about to fall, but the LORD helped me.

14 The LORD is my strength and my song; he has become my salvation.

15 Shouts of joy and victory resound in the tents of the righteous: "The LORD's right hand has done mighty things!

16 The LORD's right hand is lifted high; the LORD's right hand has done mighty things!"

17 I will not die but live, and will proclaim what the LORD has done. 18 The LORD has chastened me severely, but he has not given me over to death.

19 Open for me the gates of righteousness; I will enter and give thanks to the LORD.

20 This is the gate of the LORD through which the righteous may enter.

21 I will give you thanks, for you answered me; you have become my salvation.

22 The stone the builders rejected has become the capstone;

23 the LORD has done this, and it is marvelous in our eyes.

24 This is the day the LORD has made; let us rejoice and be glad in it.

25 O LORD, save us; O LORD, grant us success.

26 Blessed is he who comes in the name of the LORD. From the house of the LORD we bless you.  

27 The LORD is God, and he has made his light shine upon us. With boughs in hand, join in the festal procession up to the horns of the altar.

28 You are my God, and I will give you thanks; you are my God, and I will exalt you.

29 Give thanks to the LORD, for he is good; his love endures forever.

NIV



 

[1] Exodus 12:13 – The blood will be a sign for you and I will pass over you

[2] John 1:29 – Jesus is the Lamb of God

 

[3] Exodus 12:17– Celebration of the Feast of Unleavened bread a lasting ordinance for the generations to come..

[4] Exodus 12:25-26 – Command to observe this ceremony when you enter the land that the LORD will give you

[5] Matthew 26:17-18 Go into the city to such a man, and say unto him I will keep the Passover at thy house with my disciples

[6] Matthew 26:20 – The family of twelve sit down with Jesus

[7] 1 Corenthians 11:20 – The meal also called The Lord’s Supper

[8] 1 Corenthians 10:21 – The meal also called The Lord’s Table

[9] 1 Corenthians 10:16 - The meal also called The Communion

[10] Luke 22:19 – The meal also called the Eucharist -- 1 Corenthians 11:24 – The meal also Called the Eucharist

 

[11] Exodus 13:8-10 – You must keep this ordinance and explain what all the symbolism means to you son

[12] 1 Corenthians 10:17 – MANY; the body partake and become ONE with Christ.

[13] Deuteronomy 8:3 – God’s Word is Spiritual Manna

[14] Matthew 26:26 – Jesus blessed the bread; Eucharist

[15] Matthew 26:27 – (Drink ye all of it) Everybody drink of it’ participate

[16] 1 Corenthians 11:24-25 – Do this in remembrance of me

[17] 1 Corenthians 11:26 – The observance; do it often

[18] 1 Corenthians 5:7 – THE LAMB is symbolic of a type of Christ

 

[19] Acts 2:42-47 – Devoted themselves to teaching, fellowship, sharing, prayer, praising and enjoying the goodwill.

[20] 1 Corenthians 10:16 – It is communion with the body of Christ.

[21] Romans 8:11 – The Spirit gives life and nourishment to our mortal bodies.

[22] Matthew 26:28 – The blood of the new covenant is poured out for the forgiveness of sin

[23] Ephesian 2:4-7 – We are made alive in Christ and made us sit together in heavenly places in Christ Jesus

[24] Mark 14:24 – This is my blood of the new covenant, which is poured out for many

[25] John 16:13 – The Spirit HAS COME and guides us NOW

[26] Colossians 2:9-10 – We receive the fullness of Christ

[27] Colossians 2:19 – Receive nourishment to the joints of your body

[28] 1 Corenthians 10:21 – You cannot be in willful sin and take communion.

[29] 1 Corenthians 11:27-30 – Don’t participate in an unworthy manner, it could kill you

[30] 1 Corinthians 11:27  - Whoever eats the Lords Supper in an unworthy way will be guilty of sin against the body and blood of the Lord

[31] Galatians 5:22-23 – The fruit of the Spirit love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness and self-control.

[32] John 6:53-56 - Remember, commemorate, proclaim -- John 6:51 – Jesus is the Bread of Heaven

[33] 1 Corenthians 11:26 – Remember until He comes again

[34] Luke 23:42 – Remember me when you come into your kingdom

[35] Matthew 26:29 – We will drink the Fourth Cup of new wine with Him in Heaven

 

 

[36] John 14:3 – Jesus leaves to prepare a place for us

[37] Acts 2:42 – They continued to devote themselves in the fellowship and prayer

 

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