THE CROSS - THE ICHTHUS - IITB 10.18

 

Chapter 10.18

The Cross

The ICHTHUS

Cross Beam – The Sign – The Law – The Ankh 

The Great Exchange – The Fish – Fish Wars

Nail prints – Taking up the Cross - Barabbas

What does the Cross have to do with anything?

 

 

First Word

     In my Belief System; I don’t believe that you have to understand everything about Jesus Christ to be saved.   As a ten year old, I believed in God and His son Jesus and wanted to be a good person; a child of God and I didn’t want to wait any longer, I just wanted to “Join the Church” as they called it back in 1947.   I understood the stories of the Virgin birth, the Cross, the resurrection and being born again, but not so much the deeper significance of WHY.

     A newborn infant for the most part can do nothing for himself, but nevertheless from his very beginning, he is “A PART OF THE FAMILY” where he can GROW.  I seem to grasp that a baby could be born to a girl who was not married and someone who was dead could come back to life, but what bothered me was WHY a cross; a piece of wood was a place where Christians would look towards for the hope and the promise of living with God for eternity.

This study is THE WHY; the significance of the Cross.

 

Early Symbols

     The Egyptians Ankh was a pagan symbol for “eternal life”.  It was in the form of a “T” with a loop handle on the top.  The Coptic Christian Church adopted the Ankh calling it the “crux ansata”, the cross with a handle.  The Ankh also had another meaning; “mirror”; later we find the loop portion was made into a “hand mirror” which then utilized the “T” as a handle.

     There were various early Christian symbols such as the lyre, fish and dove, the shepherd and the lamb and of course the Cross.   God had also providentially put the shape of the cross into an anchor with its crossbar, the mast of a ship, into tools such as an Ax or a plow.   Christians would often pray with their arms outstretched forming a cross.

     The Greek word for fish “ICHTHUS” was made into an acronym meaning “Jesus Christ, God’s Son, Savior.   Christians would often secretly make the sign of the fish with two opposite intersecting “crescents” as a password to distinguish each other as friend or foe or to mark a place to meet for worship which was usually in a tomb.  Sometimes one person would casually start the upper crescent and the other would finish it with the reverse bottom.

     About 400 years after the death of Christ the fish gave way to the symbol of the Cross, but oddly enough, about 1500 years after that, the fish has made its comeback in the form of a bumper sticker and jewelry.   I like it because people ask, “What is that?” and it gives me an opportunity to talk about Jesus making us fishers of men.[1].

     Sometimes the fish body is empty and other times it contains the word ICHTHUS.  That has given birth to FISH WARS where non-believers can have a fish with the word DARWIN in the body with four little legs under it; and even that has given way to one with EVOLVE in the body; it’s a Shark fish that eats all the Jesus Fish.

     The Cross has evolved into fuzzy things we hang on our rear view mirror, decals for our bumpers, lucky charms for our bracelets and sometimes we decorate our gardens with it and we can even get it on T shirts as well as buy it covered in chocolate; it is a manufacturers and merchandisers profane money making dream.

 

Crucifixion

     Webster; Crucify: to put to death by nailing or binding to a cross and leaving to die of exposure; to be very cruel; to torment.  From the 6th century BC to the 4th century AD the cross was an instrument for the most torturous and excruciating painful method that could be administered that would painfully and slowly lead to death. (Hence the term excruciating, literally "out of crucifying.")  It was gruesome, humiliating, and public.  Crucifixion methods varied considerably with location and time period.

     In the time of Christ, it was the Romans who used crucifixion on the Cross as a method of capital punishment.  ONE because it was torture and a horrific death, and TWO because it was humiliating and served as a warning to others who were passing by on the public road.

     Roman crucifixion included nailing the condemned to the CROSS and also tying with ropes to support the weight.  Jesus shows his disciples the hard evidence of the holes in his hands and tells them to quit doubting.[2]  Technically, the nails were put into the wrist; the reference to hands would include the wrist as well.  Archeologist have uncovered remains with nails in their feet and wrist.

     Note: the KJV Bible does not directly say that nails were used, but later translations such as the New Living Translation and the Message Bible interpret the word “crucified” to include nails because of the Roman custom and Jesus showing the nail prints in his hands to (doubting) Thomas.[3]  

Jesus said, BLESSED are they that have not seen, and yet have believed.[4]

 

Construction

     The Greek and Latin words corresponding to "crucifixion" applied to many different forms of painful execution: impaling on a stake into their private parts; picture a sharp pole impaled up the buttocks into the torso of the body.  Then there was the simple affixing to a tree, or affixing to an upright pole and then there was the combination of affixing the person to an upright pole and a crossbeam.  Some have the condemned affixed by stretching out their arms above their head on the gibbet which was only one vertical stake, called in Latin “crux simplex” while other variations include affixing them upside down with their head down to the ground.

     The Church of the Great God believes that pagans used the cross as a religious symbol before the time of Christ.  Although this is true, there is no evidence that Christians intentionally borrowed the cross from any cultic pagan religion.  Two intersecting lines are simple and are very common throughout all of history.  You can see it in a plow, an anchor and a sail mast; the Christian Cross is a “distinct feature” of Christian art.

     The Jehovah Witnesses reject the notion that Jesus was crucified on a cross in favor of an upright pale or stake using Paul’s expression of Jesus dying “on a tree” as their defense.  They further point out that for the first 300 years after the death of Christ that there is no evidence of Christians utilized the cross in worship.  It was when the PAGAN Emperor Constantine became a convert to the faith that the cross was promoted as a Christian symbol.  JW literature states that “apparently the cross was used to make it easier for pagans to accept Christianity”.

     Therefore JW believe that True Christians do not use the Cross in worship because it is of pagan origin and linked with nature worship and pagan sex rites. –– HOWEVER –– Most historians believe that the cross was most likely an upright vertical beam that was already set in the ground at the place of execution.   It was already notched on the top to accept a “cross beam” that the condemned would be tied to.  It would then be hoisted up and dropped securely onto the fitted notch which would then formed a “T” shape.

     In some cases, the condemned was forced to carry the crossbeam to the place of execution.  A whole    cross would weigh well over 300 pounds, but the crossbeam would not be quite as burdensome, varying in weight between 40 to a 100 pounds.  Wikipedia  

     Normally only the horizontal crossbeam of the Roman cross was carried strapped across the shoulders.  We don’t know if it was this beam or the whole cross that Jesus labored and struggled under. 

 

Galatians 3:13 – JW – It was NOT a Cross, it was a TREE
13 Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law by becoming a curse for us; for it is written, “Cursed is everyone who is
HANGED ON A TREE

(ESV)

Deuteronomy 21:22 – JW – Jesus was hung on a TREE, not a Cross
22And if a man has committed a crime punishable by death and he is put to death, and you
HANG HIM on a TREE,

(ESV)

 

The Cross Beam

     Jewish tradition has it that Jesus stumbled under the weight of the cross, and as some suggests, a black Jew from an old Greek settlement on the coast of North Africa, named Simon from Cyrene, was forced to carry the cross for Jesus.  This was not done out of compassion for Jesus; but was done to expedite the process; Let’s Getter Done.

     It is thought that this Simon was already a disciple and that they selected him to bear the cross as a reprisal; to set an example to others who might be thinking about discipleship. To Simon, this troublesome unwieldy load of the cross came out of nowhere, but now Simon’s name will be remembered and honored wherever the Gospel is preached as a memorial.

     The story is not only about Simon and the cross he had NO CHOICE to carry, but it’s also about US; EXCEPT we have a CHOICE to accept or reject the cross.  Our Life is Choice driven.

 

Luke 23:26 - Jesus stumbles and Simon carries the cross

26 They seized Simon from Cyrene, and put THE CROSS on him and MADE HIM carry it behind Jesus.

(ESV)

The Sign

     There were other shapes or forms of the pole that were in the shape of an X or a Y usually with a SIGN with an inscription over the individuals left shoulder identifying their name and their crime.

     Pilate placed a sign in three languages; Aramaic, Latin and Greek above the head of Jesus[5] for the crime of “claiming to be the King of the Jews”;[6] ironically, this was not a “crime” for which Jesus was crucified, but for an absolutely true statement that He is the King of kings and the Lord of lords

    INRI represents the acronym representing Iesus Nazarenus Rex Iudaeorum which is the Latin inscription, “Jesus the Nazarene, King of the Jews”. 

(Note: Latin uses “I” instead of the English “J” and “V” instead of the English “U”)

     Placing a sign above the head of Jesus on a “T” beam would make it resemble the shape of the cross as we know it today.

The Law

     The reason the Cross is a pivotal point in the life of the believer is because of The Law which says; anyone who hangs on a tree is under the CURSE of God.   Jesus who knew no sin, took our sins, on the tree so that we would not have to, thus removing the curse of death from us; fulfilling scripture.  Hold that thought

Galatians 3:13 - Cursed is everyone who is hanged on a tree
13Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law by becoming a curse for us; it is written, “
CURSED IS EVERYONE WHO IS HANGED ON A TREE

(ESV)

Deuteronomy 21:22-23 – Man hanged on a tree is cursed by God
22 And if a man has committed a crime punishable by death and he is put to death, and you
HANG HIM ON A TREE,
23 his body shall not remain all night on the tree, but you shall bury him the same day, for
A HANGED MAN IS CURSED BY GOD. You shall not defile your land that the LORD your God is giving you for an inheritance. (ESV)

 

The Great Exchange

     Jesus is led to a place just outside the city called GOLGOTHA which means “the place of the skull. The most common conjecture for the name Golgotha is because of the skull like appearance of the rock formation on the hill; it literally looked like a skull; this place overlooked a public highway.

     Interestingly, there were already three crosses prepared for some rebels, which included an insurrectionist named Barabbas.

     Barabbas comes on the scene as a deliverer of the Hebrew people from the oppression of Rome and was a favorite of the silent majority.  He had been arrested and charged with homicidal political terrorism; being a notorious revolutionary, an insurrectionist as well as being a bandit; a robber and a murderer;[7] you could say he had a few flaws in his character.

     Many think that the Zealot Barabbas was also named Jesus” which was a common name, and to make sure that Pilate did not misunderstand which Jesus they were talking about”, they used the word “Bar-abbas” so as to not be confused with the other Jesus from Nazareth.  Bar means SON and Abba means FATHER; he was probably the son of a famous Rabi.  These thoughts arise because documented in some early 9th century manuscripts and the Codex O, the rendering of his full name is written as “Jesus Barabbas” as found in the book of Matthew. [8]  (I fully embrace this in my Belief System.)

     Barabbas was the son of the “Father”; His path was to overthrow Rome with the sword.

     Jesus was also known as the Son of the Father; His path was peace and suffering which did not attract the masses as Barabbas did.[9] The Pharisees tried to get Jesus connected with this Zealot Resistance Movement which opposed taxes by asking him the question; “Is it lawful to pay taxes to Caesar”? Those Pharisees were tricksters.[10]

     Jesus the deliverer of the Hebrew people had been on the scene now for about 3 years and Barabbas was also considered a deliverer, from the power of Rome

     Did you see it?  We have TWO men named Jesus; TWOSons of the Father”; both with a path for deliverance of Israel.  TWO paths; one of Peace and the other of the sword.  One was a Sinner and the other One was sinless.  Today there are still TWO paths in life… It’s a CHOICE

     Did you see it? THE GREAT EXCHANGE: Jesus took the Sins of Barabbas to the cross and Barabbas was SET FREE, Jesus took OUR sinful place on the cross & paid the price for OUR life so we could be SET FREE from the Law of “If you sin you will die.

The Death

     You would think that death by crucifixion would be from the blood loss from the beatings and the piercing of the hands and feet, but it was not; Death came from suffocation.   The condemned person’s arms would be elevated and tied higher than their head and sometimes draped and tied over the back of the cross beam making it extremely hard to breath, causing them to push with the feet and pull up with the arms for each breath accompanied with excruciating  pain from the nails in both the hands and feet.  Death came from lack of air, suffocation; but if by strength their life was being prolonging, then they would break their legs so they could not push up to breath.

     This kind of changes our picture of the crosses that we observe today.   Some crosses depict Jesus still nailed to the cross, but as believers we know that “it is finished”, He is no longer on the cross.[11]  The next time you buy a cross; get one that is “empty”.

 

HE IS NOT HERE, HE HAS RISEN.

 

The Why

     In the Old Testament SINS were “atoned for” through REPEATED animal sacrifices, the blood of spotless unblemished animals temporarily covered the sin, but it did not remove it.[12]  This atonement was a SHADOW of the true form of the one that was to come.[13]

     In the NT the CROSS comes into view as the pivotal point in history, where the signature symbol, the perfect sacrifice was made when Jesus’s blood was shed on the cross for a  ONCE-AND-FOR- ALL sacrifice[14] for the forgiveness of sins; past, present  and future.

     Christ who knew no sin and born of a virgin, was made to become sin for us.[15]  Jesus chose to endure the shame of the cross.  He was the unblemished spotless sacrificial Lamb that God requires.

 

     Propitiation is a word that we really don’t use that much; it is Christ's sacrifice for SIN that provided the reconciliation of BELIEVERS to God; hence the removal of God's WRATH: it is through propitiation that LOVE trumped God’s anger toward SIN, abolishing it.  The victory of death was NOT for all mankind, if so all mankind would be saved.  The Cross was victory over death for the Believer; but not for the MAKE-BELIEVER.[16]

 

     The cross is the place where Satan is forever defeated, it is a place of victory, a place where sin no longer has dominion over us.[17]  Our flesh with its passions and desires has also been crucified with Christ on the cross.[18]

     That brings us up to “TAKE UP YOUR CROSS AND FOLLOW ME” which has lost some of its original meaning.  To some this phrase brings on thoughts of perhaps some kind of inconvenience or of a bothersome circumstance.  

     Billy Graham said those words were like saying; “bring your electric chair with you”.  For the Jews it would be “take up the gas chamber”.   Jesus had in mind that the road of the cross would probably lead to death.[19]  

 

     NOTE:  Grabbing hold of the cross still means death in many parts of the world.  Today Christians because of their faith in Jesus Christ are being beheaded by Muslims.

The Take Away

     The dainty golden cross hung around your neck on a golden fine chain is more than jewelry, it is a symbol of what Jesus did for us.  Charles Stanley said; “It is the consciousness of the debt we owe God and the willingness to LIVE or DIE for Him”.[20]  We are to present our bodies as a LIVING SACRIFICE, holy and acceptable to God, which is our spiritual worship.[21]

     Paul says to Count it all joy when you meet trials of various kinds, for you know that the testing of your faith produces steadfastness.[22]  The cross is a reminder of the greatest sacrifice LOVE has ever made.   When I see a Cross, I picture myself, because I should have been up there; Jesus took my place even before I was ever born.  It’s a pardon; a reprieve from death for those who do not deserve it.[23]  While we were yet still sinners, Christ died for those who would BELIEVE.[24] 

     THE CROSS is followed by the Resurrection; the Cross is symbolic of DEATH and LIFE, it can be your END or your BEGINNING … it’s up to you… It’s never too late; the thief on the cross made a decision TO BELIEVE in his last hour of his life and was saved. [25]

 

LIFE IS CHOICE DRIVEN

 

It’s in the Book



 

[1] Mark 1:17 - I will make you to become fishers of men

[2] John 20:24-25 – Unless I see in his HANDS THE MARK OF THE NAILS, and place my finger into the mark of the nails, & place my hand into his side, I will never believe -- John 20:27 – Put your fingers here in my hands and believe
John 20:29 – Blessed; they that have not seen, and yet believed

[3] Psalm 22:16 - They have pierced my hands and feet

[4] John 20:29 – Blessed; they that have not seen, and yet believed

 

[5] John 19:19-20 - Pilate makes a sign in three languages JESUS OF NAZARETH, THE KING OF THE JEWS.

[6] John 19:21-22 – The chief priests of the Jews said to Pilate, “Do not write, ‘The King of the Jews,’ but rather, ‘THIS MAN SAID, I am King of the Jews.’” Pilate answered, “What I have written I have written”

 

[7] Mark 15:7 – Barabbas a REBEL; was in prison – Sinner -- Matthew 27:16 - Barabbas a NOTORIOUS prisoner – Sinner -- Luke 23:19 – Barabbas an INSURRECTIONIST - Sinner -- Acts 3:14 - Barabbas was a MURDERER – Sinner -- John 18:40 – Barabbas was a ROBBER

[8] Matthew 27:16 - At that time they had a well-known prisoner whose name was JESUS BARABBAS

[9] Luke 23:4 – Jesus - SINLESS – No fault was found

[10] Mark 12:13-15 – The Trick of the Pharisees; should we Pay taxes or not to Rome; are you a Zealot?

[11] Matthew 28:6 - He is not here, for he has risen

[12] Hebrews 10:3-9 – It is impossible for animal sacrifices to permanently take away sin; they were only a temporary covering of sin

[13] Hebrews 10:1-2 – Animals sacrifices were but a shadow of THE TRUE FORM of these realities that of Jesus Christ

[14] Hebrews 10:10-11 - We are sanctified through the sacrifice of Christ’s body ONCE FOR ALL

[15] 2 Corinthians 5:21 – God made His Son who knew no sin to become sin so that we might become the RIGHTEOUSNESS of God

[16] Matthew 20:28 – The plan of Salvation was for Jesus to give His life; NOT FOR ALL, but for as many as would believe

[17] Romans 6:14 – The Cross is where sin has no dominion over us since we are not under law anymore, but under His grace

[18] Galatians 5:24 - The Cross has crucified our flesh also with its PASSIONS and DESIRES

[19] Luke 9:23-24 – Take up your cross daily and follow me, and for my sake perhaps lose your life

 

[20] Hebrews 12:2 – Jesus endured the cross and it shame for us

[21] Romans 12:1 - Present your bodies as a living sacrifice, holy and acceptable to God, which is your spiritual worship.

[22] James 1:2-3 – Count the trials and testing as Joy for you know that the testing of your faith produces steadfastness

[23] John 1:29 - BEHOLD, THE LAMB OF GOD who takes away the sins of those who believe, repent and confess His name.

[24] Romans 5:8 - The very people Jesus wanted to save wanted to Kill Him; While we were still sinners, Christ died for us;

[25] Luke 23:39-43 – The Thief said, remember me, I believe; It’s NOT too late to come to the Lord

 

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