URIM & THUMMIM - IITB 07.11

 

Chapter 7. 11

Urim & Thummim

Passed down through the Patriarchs - Produced state of Ecstasy

Supernatural Illumination - Answered Yes, No or no comment

Discontinued by God  

 

 

First Word

     Urim and Thummim (pronounced YOU rim & THUME em) signifying lights and perfection are something that very little is known or written about, therefore I must go outside of the Bible to other writings to fill in the blanks such as was handed down by tradition, the Apocrypha and Josephus the 2,000 year old Jewish Historian who was a contemporary of the Apostle John.

     There has been an attempt down through the ages to disregard the supernatural of the Bible and LABEL IT AS A FABLE.   If you DO NOT believe in the SUPERNATURAL, then this Word Study will be useless to you and so will be your faith.

 

Construction

     No record has ever been found of a command that the Urim & Thummim be constructed; made or otherwise be required like the Priestly garments were.  There has been No valid tradition that has survived from the time of their use as to their shape or material used.

     It is thought that these two items were PASSED DOWN through the Patriarchs, Priest to Priest to be officially incorporated into the people’s worship.[1]  They were thought to be precious stones that were of some material like gems which the Tetragrammaton; (YHWH) the Sacred Name of God had been engraved upon.

     It is highly likely that both stones were the same; the front side would be the Urim and the reverse side would be the Thummim.  They were possibly flat and connected by a small chain with swivels.  I must confess that some students of the Word believe that there were two independent stones which could be drawn out individually, not both; giving Yes or No answer.  This seems highly unlikely to me if a decision could also come up as “undecided” or “neither”. [2]

 

Their Use

The High Priest wore the breast piece of judgement (decision) over the front of the Ephod which formed a pouch in which the Urim and Thummim were placed.[3]  They were LINKED to the breastplate and used to discover the Will of God concerning a matter,[4] giving a Yes or No answer to their prayers. (The Ephod carried the breastplate which carried the Urim & Thummim.)

     NOTE: Apparently the Urim & Thummim is sometimes assumed when the term Ephod is used; also there are no examples of negative answers recorded anywhere.  Some students of the Word believe the land was divided up among the 12 tribes by the use of the Urim and Thummim;[5] others disagree since the larger portions of land went to the larger tribes, and the smaller portions to the smaller tribes.

     When tossed out of the pouch, if both came up with the Urim (which means to curse) then the answer was negative.  If they both came up with the Thummim (which means to be perfect) then the answer was Affirmative.[6]   If there was one of each, then God’s answer was inconclusive at this time.  Sounds like Chance doesn’t it, a roll of the dice; casting lots; stay Tuned

 

The Supernatural

     Tradition has it that the 12 stones on the Breast Plate which represented the twelve tribes of Israel were capable of SUPERNATURAL ILLUMINATION to give Divine guidance in conjunction with the Urim & Thummim.  You may recall that Urim means “LIGHT”.   I hesitate to say that they would light up, but more like “shine”; a reflection of light.  The Oracular powers of the Breastplate came from the Urim and Thummim.

     It gets better: The Breastplate stones were engraved with the 12 tribal names and in addition to those stones could be added stones representing Abraham, Isaac, Jacob and Jeshurun which completed the HEBREW ALPHABET.  They would illuminate or shine in turn” or “in succession” to give Divine pronouncements.  In my pea brain mind, I can see the Shekinah Glory of God reflecting off of them.[7] (Just saying)  You may recall the Thummim means “PERFECTION”.

     Jeshurun means the “upright” and was a symbolic name for the people of Israel.  The name is used when God confronts Israel with warnings of judgment or promises of blessings.[8]

     I must say that some students of the Bible believe the glow of the Urim and Thummim caused the High Priest to go into a state of ecstasy or a trance in which God would speak to them.  I must also say that no one knows the exact nature of the Urim and Thummim nor even how to use them.

Josephus – 3.7.5.163 - The Breastplate was the ORACLE

163 – But in the void place of this garment there was inserted a piece of the bigness of a span, embroidered with gold and the other colors of the ephod, and was called Essen (the Breastplate), which in the Greek language signifies the ORACLE.

 

Their Disappearance

     It is believed that because of the increase of the number of sanctuaries and perhaps at Saul’s insistence,  COUNTERFEIT STONES were reproduced and used locally as a matter of convenience where travel to seek answers at the central sanctuary might be impossible. Therefore there was a tendency to doubt the validity of their findings; thus their non-use.

     That coupled with two evil priest named Hophni and Phinehas, the sons of the Prophet Eli; there was the belief that the outcome of the stones might be manipulated by them.

     Maccabees in the Apocrypha is the last mention of the use of the Urim & Thummim when the temple altar was desecrated and the stones were removed from the Altar to a place in the mountains where they awaited a prophet, to tell how God would like to disposed of them.

     Their use was discontinued around the time of the destruction of Solomon’s Temple just after the Hebrews returned from exile in Babylon and at the death of the former prophets.  The Breastplate LEFT OFF SHINING and became just a memory as God was displeased at the transgressions of his laws by His chosen people.   Interest had already fallen off because the Rabbis were already reading the Torah placing the KNOWLEDGE OF GOD’S WORD on the same level of the Urim and Thummim; thus they could know God’s will for them and His people anytime.

     Today, the Christian has been filled with the Holy Spirit and has the ability “within” to be able to discern God’s will in their everyday life through the reading of the Bible; His Word as well as attending Adult Bible Studies and Church.

Go thou and do likewise; do not forsake gathering with other believers in the Church.[9]

 

Ezra 2:63 – Out of Exile; Last “use” reference Urim & Thummim
63 The governor told them that they were not to partake of the most holy food, until
THERE SHOULD BE A PRIEST

TO CONSULT URIM AND THUMMIM.

(ESV)

1 Maccabees 4:46 – Last mentionof the Urim & Thummim 

So they took down the altar, and deposited the stones in the temple mountain, in a suitable place, until a prophet should come and declare what should be done with them.

Apocrypha

Josephus – Book 3.8.9.21-22 – The Breastplate; QUIT shining

21 For as to those stones,

22 which we told you before, the high priest bare on his shoulders, which were sardonyxes, (and I think it needless to describe their nature, they being known to everybody,) the one of them SHINED OUT when God was present at their sacrifices; I mean that which was in the nature of a button on his right shoulder, BRIGHT RAYS darting out thence, and being seen even by those that were most remote; which splendor yet was not before natural to the stone. This has appeared a wonderful thing to such as have not so far indulged themselves in philosophy, as to despise Divine revelation. Yet will I mention what is still more wonderful than this: for God declared beforehand, by those twelve stones which the high priest bare on his breast, and which were inserted into his breastplate, when they should be victorious in battle; for so great a SPLENDOR SHONE FORTH from them before the army began to march, that all the people were sensible of God's being present for their assistance. Whence it came to pass that those Greeks, who had a veneration for our laws, because they could not possibly contradict this, called that breastplate THE ORACLE.  Now this breastplate, and this sardonyx, LEFT OFF SHINING two hundred years before I composed this book, God having been displeased at the transgressions of his laws. Of which things we shall further discourse on a fitter opportunity; but I will now go on with my proposed narration. (The Works of Flavius Josephus)

 

The Take Away

     Urim is to curse, the answer is in the negative; Guilt, pronounces Error.

     Thummim is to be perfect or perfection, the answer is in the Affirmative; Innocence, pronounces Truth.

      The details of the Urim and Thummim have been kept secret for a reason.  Today some NUT CASE would try to make them and sell them on TV to folks seeking the Will of God in their life.  

     If you want to know the will of God in your life, He has left a letter for you in the Bible.  The question is; are you willing to tithe some time to find the pearl of great value.[10]

 

God wants us to come to the Him, the CREATOR for answers, not to a CREATION.



[1] Numbers 20:28 – Passed down Priest to Priest; Aaron to Eleazar

[2] 1 Samuel 28:6 – Urim came up undecided; God did not answer

[3] Exodus 28:30 - Urim & Thummim placed inside the breast piece -- 1 Samuel 23:9 – Bring the Ephod here containing the Urim and Thummim

[4] Numbers 27:21 – Urim and Thummim used to discover God’s Will for His people

[5] Numbers 26:55-56 – Land divided up by CASTING LOTS -- Numbers 33:54 – You shall inherit the land BY LOT according to your clans Large tribe, large land; small tribe, small land

[6] 1 Samuel 14:41 – Determine guilt or innocence; guilt Urim, innocence Thummim

[7] Exodus 24:17 - Shekinah Glory of God

[8] Deuteronomy 33:5 – Jeshurun; the People; tribes of Israel -- Deuteronomy 32:15 – Jeshurun; the People were warned -- Deuteronomy 33:26 – Jeshurun; promises of blessings -- Isaiah 44:2 – Jeshurun; promises of blessings

[9] Hebrews 10:24-25 – Don’t forsake assembling together in Church  -- Luke 10:37 - Go, and do thou likewise; STUDY THE BIBLE

[10] Matthew 13:45-46 - The kingdom of heaven is like a merchant in search of fine pearls, who, on finding one pearl of great value, went and sold all that he had and bought it.

 

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